Amidst a global frenzy, the race to develop humanoid robots is shaping up to be the 21st century’s version of the space race, according to experts in geopolitics. Humanoid robots, representing power and technological advancement, are at the forefront of this competition, with China and the US leading the charge in mass production. However, it’s not just these two giants; other nations such as Saudi Arabia and Italy are also eager to join the fray.
Amidst a global frenzy, the race to develop humanoid robots is shaping up to be the 21st century’s version of the space race, according to experts in geopolitics.
The space race of the 20th century, a legendary contest between the US and the Soviet Union, epitomized the pursuit of scientific supremacy and geopolitical dominance. It captured the world’s imagination with images of intercontinental missiles streaking through the sky, animals orbiting the Earth, and Neil Armstrong’s historic lunar stroll.
While seemingly unrelated, a recent incident involving a Saudi humanoid robot making inappropriate contact with a female reporter has thrust Saudi Arabia’s robotic initiatives into the global spotlight. This incident highlights how countries worldwide are actively striving to advance the development of functional humanoid robots, each seeking to make significant strides in this field.
Saudi Arabia, in particular, is making substantial investments in this arena. Elie Metri, CEO of QSS Robotics, the company behind the creation of the humanoid robot Muhammad, revealed significant efforts undertaken by the kingdom. With a massive building constructed in Riyadh and over 70 engineers hired, Saudi Arabia is showcasing its commitment to robotic innovation. Muhammad, despite the controversy surrounding it, was unveiled at DeepFest, an AI conference aimed at showcasing the kingdom’s technological advancements.
Similar initiatives are burgeoning globally, with countries like India and Nigeria also making strides in the development of humanoid robots, as they vie for prominence in this rapidly expanding industry.
Humanoid robots serve as tangible representations of advancements in AI
Humanoid robots serve as tangible representations of advancements in AI. In Italy, the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia is spearheading the development of iCub, a research-grade humanoid robot. According to Giorgio Metta, the institute’s scientific director, their primary goal is knowledge-based, aiming to explore whether “machine learning and AI necessitate a physical form to gain a comprehensive understanding of the world.”
Metta acknowledges the increasing global competition to showcase innovative prowess, especially considering the growing economic significance of AI. He emphasized that human-like robots effectively demonstrate progress due to their visual and easily understandable nature. Metta highlighted that showcasing technological advancements through robots is straightforward, as their presence provides a clear representation of progress, unlike computer programs, which may not be as visibly impressive.
Despite collaborative efforts, particularly within the European Union, Metta revealed a cautious approach, especially regarding collaborations with a major global player in humanoid robotics: China. He mentioned being advised to exercise caution due to additional scrutiny, particularly concerning the sensitivities of the geopolitical situation.
In the realm of humanoid robots, China is aggressively positioning itself to lead the pack, leading to apprehension among other nations. According to a blueprint document by its Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China aims to mass-produce advanced humanoid robots by 2025. Fourier Intelligence, based in Shanghai, anticipates having up to 1,000 units ready for delivery this year.
CEO Zen Koh emphasized China’s formidable competition in establishing dominance as a leading market force for humanoid robots. Koh attributed China’s prominence to significant investments in research and development, particularly in AI and robotics, providing the country with a competitive advantage. The expansive market in China offers unparalleled opportunities for testing, enhancing, and expanding the applications of humanoid robots, potentially giving Chinese companies a significant edge in the global market.
In the race for dominance in humanoid robotics, the United States is also making significant strides. Agility Robotics, based in the US, aims to produce “hundreds” of its Digit robots by 2025, with plans to scale up production to thousands in the subsequent years. Peggy Johnson, CEO of Agility Robotics, expressed confidence in the company’s capacity to meet customer demands and scale up production, emphasizing that competition is welcomed. Amazon is also testing its robots in warehouses to automate various functions.
Furthermore, several other prominent players in the US are actively contributing to the advancement of humanoid robotics. Figure AI, a $2.6 billion firm, recently partnered with OpenAI to develop next-generation AI models for its robots. Additionally, Figure AI collaborated with BMW to integrate its robots into the manufacturing process. Meanwhile, Texas-based Apptronik partnered with Mercedes to explore how its robot, Apollo, can enhance production assembly lines. Tesla has ambitious plans for humanoid robots, aiming to launch its Optimus robot for sale by 2027.
In today’s geopolitical landscape, high technology plays a crucial role in defining national security and power.
In today’s geopolitical landscape, high technology plays a crucial role in defining national security and power. Humanoid robots and AI symbolize the pinnacle of technological advancement and serve as indicators of power. The United States strategically invests in these cutting-edge technologies as part of its pursuit of supremacy, encompassing military, political, economic, and technological domains.
Julian Mueller-Kaler, director of the Strategic Foresight Hub at the Stimson Center, highlighted the significance of high-tech sectors in defining national security. He noted that while the US imposes export controls on semiconductors to limit China’s technological capabilities, China has responded assertively, bolstering its chipmaking industry in response to US sanctions. The Chinese government perceives high-tech sectors as opportunities to narrow the technological gap and achieve parity with global leaders.
Humanoids represent the pinnacle of a ‘hype cycle,’ with various challenges and opportunities on the horizon. Last August, Beijing announced a $1.39 billion fund to foster the development of a hub for the humanoid robotics industry, further enhancing its position as a hub for technological innovation. However, Li Boyang, president of EX Robots, emphasized the hurdles China faces in transitioning robots from laboratories to mass production. Similarly, Boston Dynamics acknowledged the complexities of deploying robots at scale, underscoring the arduous nature of this endeavor.
Despite the obstacles, the potential benefits of mass-producing humanoids are significant. Engineered Arts CEO Will Jackson highlighted the potential to augment a nation’s perceived power by expanding its workforce and population through humanoid manufacturing. However, Jackson cautioned against excessive optimism, noting that the industry is currently in the phase of inflated expectations, according to Gartner’s ‘hype cycle.’ While there is considerable speculation about the capabilities of humanoid technology, actual deployment remains limited, with many companies yet to ship their products.
Nevertheless, optimism persists within the industry, fueled in part by Nvidia’s Project GR00T. This initiative aims to develop a general-purpose foundation model for humanoid robots, potentially catalyzing a transformative shift in the sector. Melonee Wise, CTO of Agility Robotics, expressed optimism about the project’s potential to facilitate learning from past interactions and enhance humanoid robots’ ability to perform everyday tasks. As the industry navigates through the hype cycle, continued innovation and collaboration may pave the way for the realization of humanoid robotics’ full potential.
Despite the predominant narrative framing the race to introduce humanoid robots as a duel between the US and China, Saudi Arabia asserts its determination not to be marginalized in this dynamic arena
Despite the predominant narrative framing the race to introduce humanoid robots as a duel between the US and China, Saudi Arabia asserts its determination not to be marginalized in this dynamic arena. Elie Metri, representing QSS, emphasizes Saudi Arabia’s formidable capabilities, abundant resources, and expansive market, positioning the kingdom as a formidable contender on the global stage. Metri contends that Saudi Arabia competes not only with Europe and the US but also stands among the world’s largest markets, reflecting the kingdom’s ambitious aspirations.
Despite projections indicating lower revenues compared to China and the US, with the Saudi market estimated to reach $120 million this year, Metri remains resolute in his outlook. He questions, “Why are we doing this from Saudi Arabia? Because why not?” This sentiment underscores Saudi Arabia’s unwavering commitment to technological advancement and its eagerness to play a significant role in shaping the future of humanoid robotics.
The race for humanoid robotics dominance is indeed reminiscent of the 20th-century space race. The stakes are high, and the players are many. It’s fascinating to see how countries like China and the US are leading the charge, but also how other nations like Saudi Arabia and Italy are eager to join the fray. Countries are clearly recognizing the immense potential of humanoid robots to revolutionize various sectors.
I find it intriguing how the development of humanoid robots has become a symbol of power and technological advancement. It’s not just about creating a functional robot; it’s about demonstrating a country’s capabilities in AI and high-tech sectors. This competition is influencing geopolitics and changing national security priorities
The situation involving the Saudi humanoid robot serves as a strong reminder of the ethical dilemmas associated with AI and robotics. As we push the boundaries of what these machines can do, we must also ensure that they are programmed to behave appropriately and respect human rights
It’s interesting to see how different countries are approaching this race. While some are focusing on mass production, others like Italy are taking a more knowledge-based approach, exploring the fundamental aspects of AI and machine learning. This serves as a reminder that countries are pursuing various strategies to lead in the field, showcasing the diversity of approaches in humanoid robotics dominance.
This whole “humanoid robot race” seems a little dystopian to me. What happens when these robots become super-intelligent and decide they don’t need us anymore? Shouldn’t we be focusing on more peaceful applications of AI?
Envision a future where robots handle mundane tasks, allowing humans to dedicate their time to artistic pursuits and scientific discoveries. This could be a new golden age for humanity
Project GR00T sounds super cool! The idea of a general-purpose foundation model for these robots could be a real game-changer. Can’t wait to see how it progresses.
It’s fascinating to see how humanoid robots have become the new frontier in international relations and technological advancement. I agree with Julian Mueller-Kaler’s statement that high-technology sectors now define our national security and power dynamics. But what does this mean for smaller economies who might not have the same resources as the US or China? How can they still compete and innovate in this field without getting left behind?
I think it’s important for smaller economies to focus on niche areas where they excel or have comparative advantages. For example, they could specialize in developing specific types of humanoid robots tailored to local needs or industries. By focusing on these niches, they can contribute meaningfully to the global advancement of humanoid robotics while staying competitive. Additionally, partnerships and alliances with larger economies or tech companies could help them leverage shared resources and expand their capabilities. What do others think? Are there examples of successful collaborations between small and large economies in this field?
Collaboration and strategic partnerships can indeed level the playing field for smaller economies in the race towards humanoid robotics. One notable example is Estonia, a country punching above its weight in the cybersecurity and digital transformation fields. They have been able to attract foreign investment and talent, helping them stay relevant in the global tech scene. Another example is Singapore, which has positioned itself as a hub for artificial intelligence and robotics, leveraging its strong education system and favorable business environment. Such partnerships can provide smaller economies access to funding, infrastructure, and know-how, enabling them to remain competitive in the rapidly evolving robotics landscape. Do you think that educational institutions should play a bigger role in promoting humanoid robotics and preparing students for the jobs of the futur